EXPLORAÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE UM MODELO AMBIENTAL PARA O BAIXO CONGO EM ANGOLA

JOÃO TOBIAS  CUNHA

Auteurs

JOÃO TOBIAS CUNHA Instituto Superior Politécnico Sol Nascente. Huambo. Angola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-0826

Résumé

Cette étude analyse les politiques publiques environnementales liées à l'exploitation pétrolière offshore dans différents pays, en se concentrant sur le bassin du Bas-Congo (Angola). À partir d'une revue systématique basée sur le protocole PRISMA, impliquant 75 études, il a été identifié que la forte dépendance économique au pétrole, alliée à la fragmentation institutionnelle, compromet sérieusement la gouvernance environnementale, aggravée par un déficit critique de participation communautaire. Les modèles centralisés et les instruments réglementaires rigides prédominent, tandis que les approches participatives sont rares. Sur la base des preuves, un modèle innovant de gouvernance environnementale est proposé, structuré autour de quatre axes stratégiques : coordination multi-niveaux ; partenariats public-communautaire contraignants ; indicateurs multidimensionnels intégrant les savoirs traditionnels et scientifiques ; transparence via des audits indépendants et un accès multilingue aux données publiques. Le modèle proposé s'aligne sur les Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD 14 et 16), visant à transformer les revenus issus de l'exploitation pétrolière en instruments de justice socio-environnementale et de durabilité écologique.

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Este artigo foi financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) no âmbito do Protocolo Ciências do Mar (CEMAR), com a referência n.º 2024.11716.PRT.